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Definition
By Mayo Clinic staffVomiting blood (hematemesis) can indicate a life-threatening condition, so promptly identifying the cause is essential. While vomiting blood may be caused by swallowed blood, as from a nosebleed or forceful coughing, truly vomiting blood usually represents something more serious and requires immediate medical attention. Bleeding in your upper gastrointestinal tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach and upper small intestine) from peptic ulcers or torn blood vessels is a common cause of vomiting blood. Blood in vomit may be bright red, or it may appear black or dark brown like coffee grounds. Call 911 if vomiting blood causes dizziness after standing, rapid, shallow breathing or other signs of shock.
Causes- Jutabha R, et al. Major causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 16, 2009.
- Gralnek IM, et al. Management of acute bleeding from a peptic ulcer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359:928.
- Hematemesis. Reston, Va.: American College of Radiology. http://www.acr.org/SecondaryMainMenuCategories/quality_safety/app_criteria/pdf/Vascular/HematemesisDoc12.aspx. Accessed Feb. 16, 2009.
- Jutabha R, et al. Approach to the adult patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 16, 2009.
- Villa X. Approach to upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 16, 2009.
