Ramsay Hunt syndrome

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Definition Symptoms Causes Risk factors When to seek medical advice

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Definition

Ramsay Hunt syndrome — also called herpes zoster oticus — is an infection of your facial nerve that's accompanied by a painful rash and facial muscle weakness, among other signs and symptoms.

The cause of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. After chickenpox heals, the virus lies dormant in your nerves. Years later, it may reactivate. If varicella-zoster virus reactivates and infects your facial nerve, the result is Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

The onset of Ramsay Hunt syndrome can be frightening. Facial weakness, pain and dizziness may cause some people to fear they're having a stroke. But, despite its unnerving symptoms, Ramsay Hunt syndrome often can be effectively treated. Sometimes, however, Ramsay Hunt syndrome can lead to permanent muscle facial weakness and hearing loss. Prompt treatment can reduce the risk of these and other long-term complications.

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Symptoms