- With Mayo Clinic internist
James M. Steckelberg, M.D.
read biographyclose windowBiography of
James M. Steckelberg, M.D.
James Steckelberg, M.D.
Dr. James Steckelberg is chairman of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Mayo Clinic, a consultant and a professor of medicine at Mayo Medical School.
A native of Fremont, Neb., Dr. Steckelberg was a Rhodes Scholar and graduated from the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine as a resident in internal medicine and a fellow in infectious diseases, and is board certified in both. He is the former director of the Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory at Mayo Clinic.
Dr. Steckelberg belongs to numerous professional organizations. He is a founding member of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society of America and a fellow with the American College of Physicians and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. He has served on many Mayo Clinic committees and is a member of the Department of Medicine Leadership Committee and the executive committee of the Division of Infectious Diseases. He also served on the editorial boards of "Mayo Clinic Proceedings" and "Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy" and has been an editorial reviewer for more than a dozen publications.
Dr. Steckelberg's research interests include experimental models of infection, epidemiology of infection, and antimicrobial resistance and therapy of bacterial infections.
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Question
Early HIV symptoms: What are they?
When do early HIV symptoms first appear? After having unprotected sex, I developed a mild flu-like illness. Could these symptoms have been from HIV infection?
Answer
from James M. Steckelberg, M.D.
It is possible, if you were exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some people develop a flu-like illness when they first become infected with HIV, usually two to six weeks after being infected. Doctors refer to this illness as acute retroviral syndrome, or primary HIV infection.
Early HIV symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph glands
- Rash
These early HIV symptoms usually disappear within a week to a month and are often mistaken for those of another viral infection. During this period, you are very infectious. More persistent or severe symptoms of HIV infection may not appear for 10 years or more after the initial infection.
HIV is diagnosed by testing your blood or oral mucus for the presence of antibodies to the virus. Unfortunately, HIV tests aren't accurate immediately after infection because it takes time for your immune system to make these antibodies — usually about 12 weeks after infection. Rarely, it can take up to six months for an HIV test to become positive.
If you're concerned that you might have been exposed to HIV, talk to your doctor about your testing options. There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS. But it's possible to protect yourself from infection. If you don't know the HIV status of your partner, use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have anal or vaginal sex.
